Since the iraqi army is forbidden by iraqi law to enter kurdistan region, the peshmerga, along with their security subsidiaries, are responsible for the security of kurdistan region. A new model of statehood and its status in international law compared to the kurdistan regional government krg in iraqerratum. Iraqi kurdistans regional elections test a brittle status. Despite huge iraqi, regional and international opposition, masoud barzani, then president of the kurdistan region of iraq kri, went ahead with an independence. The statement from the kurdish regional government, published by the kurdish news site rudaw, essentially offers to stop pursuing independence for now. Kurdish are 1 kurmanji, the language of the vast majority of kurds in turkey, syria, armenia, and azerbaijan, the area designated by kurdish nationalists as north kurdistan, with an estimated. Kurdish national movement s to protect the kurdish cult ure and to dev elop its political rights in iraq. The council also works closely with the kurdistan regional government and private businesses in the kurdistan region to ensure that foreign investment reinforces the already enormous economic opportunities there. Not adding technical complexity to analog organizations but changing the backend operation as well as service delivery utilizing digital technologies. Eprs iraqi kurdistans independence referendum members research service page 3 of 8 yet been ratified by a popular vote. A legislative assembly was established and erbil became the capital of the new entity which lay in northern iraq. Compared to the rest of iraq, or indeed, to some other countries.
The kurdish political problem, as a part of iraq, has been going on for over hundred years. In major reversal, iraqi kurds offer to freeze their. This was the outcome of decades of political and military. Iraqi kurdistan, also known as northern iraq, is an autonomous region in the north of iraq.
Since 2004, emboldened by the iraqi kurds, who now have established an autonomous kurdish state in the northernmost reaches of iraq, the pkk has. Kurdish regional president massoud barzani has been in an extended political dispute with prime minister nouri almaliki over the distribution of power within the. The kurds as parties to and victims of conflicts in iraq icrc. Iraq s kurds have been making waves both domestically and internationally recently. Pdf english language teaching in the kurdistan region of. Regional autonomy had originally been established in 1970 with the creation of the kurdish autonomous region following the agreement of an autonomy accord between the government of iraq and leaders of the iraqi kurdish community. An inside story david pollock a trip to the krg composed of the irbil, dahuk, and sulaymaniya provinces in northern iraq, with a mostly kurdish population of approximately 4 millionis a study in political relativism. A vision for the future iii the kurdistan region of iraq has achieved dramatic development in the past decade. As a result, the question of whether iraqi kurdistan may someday become a. In spite of much rebuilding, health infrastructure is not fully restored. For more information on business opportunities in the kurdistan region of iraq, please visit.
It was endorsed when the kurdish parliament reconvened on october 5, 2002, by which time the kurds and other. Despite baghdads unwavering insistence that the kurdistan region will remain a part of iraq, the central governments ability to prevent the kurds from gaining independence may be limited. On 1 july 2014, massud barzani announced that iraq s kurds will hold an independence referendum within months. To conduct a unification successfully, understanding the current system in place is necessary. The iraqi kurdish conflict consists of a series of wars and rebellions by the kurds against the central authority of iraq during the 20th century, which began shortly after the defeat of the ottoman empire in world war i and lasting until the u. The governments mission kurdistan regional government.
The report is based on approved minutes from meetings with carefully selected sources. The kurdishinhabited region of northern iraq has been relatively peaceful and prosperous since the fall of saddam hussein. The area surrounding the kirkuk oil field houses many different regional peoples, including arab, kurdish, and turkoman communities, the latter of which historically represented roughly 8% of iraq. Many skilled health workers have moved to other countries, and young graduates continue to leave. Kurdish holds official status in iraq as a national language alongside arabic, is recognized in iran as a regional language, and in armenia as a minority language. Westernzagros resources has announced that an agreement has been reached with its major shareholder, crest. This report was written according to the easo coi report methodology.
In turn, these are strongly influenced by its history, both recent and more distant. The kurdish regional authority effectively split into kdp and puk entities. Small arms documented in northern syria s contd two chinese pkmpattern m80 7. In september, the 2017 kurdistan region independence referendum was held regarding kurdish independence from iraq. Iraqi kurdistan simple english wikipedia, the free. Iraqi kurdish leaders wish to unravel their ties with iraq, and. Since the withdrawal of the syrian presidents forces from the ethnically kurdish areas in the. Challenges and opportunities overview find, read and cite all the research you need on. The fallout continues to settle after iraqi kurdistans fraught independence referendum one year ago.
Already in iraq, kurdish regions, which have bene ted from saddam hussein s overthrow, have consolidated themselves into a federal region. Despite not having achieved statehood, the kurdistan regional government krg in iraq has been increasingly active in the international arena since the founding of its department of foreign relations in 2005. Soon after the 2003 invasion of iraq, protests started reoccuring in the kri. Ministry of planning kurdistan regional government. Cooperation between the kurdistan regional government of iraq krg and the united states has for years provided advantages on several lines of effort by coalition forces. How iraqs kurdish independence referendum could impact. Through the implementation of the recommendations in this paper, kurdish english language learners can attain access to higher quality english language programs in the kurdistan region of iraq. Pdf transecting security and space in kurdistan, iraq. The iraqi military launched a successful attack against the kurdish city of erbil in 1996 and engaged in a consistent policy of ethnic cleansing in areas directly under its controlparticularly in and around the oilrich city. We then played a key role in drafting the 2005 iraq constitution, which almost 80 percent of the population voted to. The kurdistan regional governments krg peshmerga military forces detained the men, both foreign and iraqi, in a school in sahil almaliha, a village 70 kilometers northwest of mosul. Kurdistan region of iraq caught between turkeypkk conflict the kurdistan regional government in northern iraq tries to maintain stability in wartorn region.
After decades of war, sanctions, and occupation, iraq s health services are struggling to regain lost momentum. Iraqs kurdish provinces plan to vote in a referendum on independence on sept. The kurdish people within iraq have grappled with various political statuses over their history. We remained vigilant and resilient, and in the 2003 operation iraqi freedom, our official armed forces, the peshmerga, contributed to the coalition effort to liberate iraq. The most urgent recommendations are included in this summary. A new model of statehood and its status in international law compared to the kurdistan regional government krg in iraq loqman radpey department of public and international law, faculty of law and political science, university of tehran, tehran, iran l. Security situation in baghdad, southern governorates and the kurdistan region of iraq kri armed conflict april 2015 pdf iraq. National development plans call for a realignment of the health system with primary health care as the. Department of geography, soran university, kurdistan region, iraq email.
In march 2009, i traveled to erbil, the capital of iraqi kurdistan, and consulted with the kurdish regional parliaments. Kurdish regional and iraqi federal constitution concerning oil and gas. Although challenged by damage to our society and infrastructure from years of war, genocide, forced displacement, and the destruction of more than 4,000 villages at the hand of the previous iraqi. Pdf the paradiplomacy of the kurdistan region in iraq. Since 2003, it has had its own government kurdish regional government and military who have done a great job at defending their borders from isis. However, the united states spearheaded negotiations that culminated in a september 1998 washington declaration between the two parties. The new government will build a strong and outwardlooking kurdistan. An independence referendum for kurdistan region of iraq was held on 25 september 2017, with preliminary results showing approximately 93. Regional implications of an independent kurdistan rand. It is mainly spoken in those parts of iran, iraq, syria and turkey which comprise kurdistan. Unraveling the oil geopolitics intertwined in the kurdish.
The kurdish regional government krg of iraq intends to unify and institutionalize its politicallydivided, partybased military. The fleeting moment of relief after the liberation of mosul was rather shortlived for the. Some put the marking point of the conflict beginning to the attempt by mahmud barzanji to establish an. The new iraqi constitution, adopted by a national referendum on 15 october 2005, recognizes kurdistan as a federal region with its own institutions regional. Republic of iraq united states department of justice. The security situation in the contested areas of iraq august 2014 pdf uk country of origin information coi report civil unrest in 2011 aug. Above all, it will dedicate itself to serving the people of this region. Other articles where kurdistan region is discussed. The new kurdistan regional government will create a stronger, diversified economy that delivers more prosperity for everyone. Iraqs 2005 constitution recognises an autonomous kurdistan region in the north of the country, run by the kurdistan regional government. Kurdistan regional government krg after it conducted a referendum on september 25 to demand independence from iraq. Despite iraqi kurdistans broad autonomy, the federal government retains exclusive powers, in particular in foreign policy and the distribution of oil revenues. After the fall of saddam husseins regime in 2003, iraqi kurds, now governed by the kurdistan regional government.
Kurdistan region of iraq caught between turkeypkk conflict. The kurds make up the fourthlargest ethnic group in the middle east, but they have never formed a permanent nation state. Pdf kurdish regional selfrule administration in syria. The united states, turkey, and the kurdish regions akp. Pdf the state of the kurdish regional government in iraq. If the kurdish region of northern iraq were to declare its independence, the move would create political and economic problems. Despite reporting that the independence referendum would be nonbinding, the autonomous kurdistan regional government krg characterised it as binding, although they claimed that. Located in northern iraq between iran and turkey, iraqi kurdistan is a semiautonomous region often described as the other iraq. Pdf revisiting civilmilitary relations theory a case. But as a student of history and geography, my time in kurdistan.
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