It is crosscut by net of late fractures, along which chemical alteration of kaapvaal craton was essentially complete by about 2. A part of the earths crust that has survived the splitting and merging of continents. Overnight at river view lodge in prieska bb 20 aug 16 satur day windpomp and nouga farms drive to nouga farm, c. Mantle seismic structure beneath the kaapvaal and zimbabwe. The attachment of the kheismagondi belt to the kaapvaal craton from the west caused further modi. The geological evolution of africa encyclopedia of life. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Igneous activity along the southwestern edge of the kaapvaal craton terminated at 1. Geochemistry volume 4, number 2 geophysics geosystems. For economic geologists, the most important point is the striking correspondence between the oldest archean portion of a craton and diamond occurrences, especially those hosted in. Very little gold has been found in younger formations. Download acrobat pdf file 2mb supplementary figs s1 to s4. Estimates of crustal thicknesses using pn times and receiver functions agree well for the southern part of the kaapvaal craton, but not for the northern region. Jul 01, 2001 lithospheric mantle evolution of the kaapvaal craton.
The main building blocks of the kaapvaal craton and the age distribution of exposed basement and supracrustal rocks after eglington and armstrong 2004 with tectonic interpretations after jacobs et al. Upb geochronology and paleo magnetism of the westerberg. Geophysical research letters publishes highimpact, innovative, and timely communicationslength articles on major advances spanning all of the major geoscience disciplines. Introduction to the bushveld complex, south africa the bushveld complex, of palaeoproterozoic age, is located in the central northeast portion of the kaapvaal craton in southern africa, and has an estimated total area of 65 000 km2 hunter, 1976. Mesoproterozoic burial of the kaapvaal craton, southern. Upper mantle p and s wave velocity structure of the kalahari. The paleopoles established here, together with existing paleopoles from the kaapvaal craton, are used to evaluate the apparent polar wander path of the craton during the neoarcheanpaleoproterozoic and are compared with poles of similar age from the pilbara craton as a test of the vaalbara hypothesis. Both the slave craton in canada and the kaapvaal craton in southern africa are the archean components of the larger laurentia and kalahari supercratons, respectively. Jul 01, 2001 structure of the kaapvaal craton from surface waves structure of the kaapvaal craton from surface waves freybourger, marion. Paleomagnetism of selected neoarcheanpaleoproterozoic cover. Welcome,you are looking at books for reading, the ay hrsz, you will able to read or download in pdf or epub books and notice some of author may have lock the live reading for some of country. The collection brings together some of the most influential and. The kalahari craton is a craton, an old and stable part of the continental lithosphere, that occupies large portions of south africa, botswana, namibia and zimbabwe.
The latest stages of cratonscale metasomatism recorded in the subcalcic garnets lie between 0. In 2006, the fortescue, hamersley, and the pilbara region of western australia is one of only two areas on earth the other being the kaapvaal craton. Gold on the kaapvaal craton, outside the witwatersrand. It would suggest a relatively stationary kaapvaal craton between 2. The bushveld complex, the outcrop limbs of which are shown in fig. Data for the precambrian of south africa, swaziland, lesotho and botswana have been compiled in a dateview database and linked to chronostratigraphy and gis databases to produce a series of timeslice maps illustrating the development of the kaapvaal craton. Jelsma encyclopedia of life support systems eolss 2. Visualizing the volcanic history of the kaapvaal craton using. If it available for your country it will shown as book reader and user fully subscribe will benefit by having full access to all books.
U pb baddeleyite dating of intrusions in the south. Therefore it need a free signup process to obtain the book. Crustal structures across the central kaapvaal craton from. The archaean geology of the kaapvaal craton, southern africa. Inversion of twostation rayleighwave fundamentalmode phase velocities across the undisturbed region of the southern kaapvaal craton south of the bushveld province produces velocitydepth models quantitatively similar to those estimated from lowt mantle xenoliths brought to the surface in cretaceousage kimberlite pipes that erupted in the same region. This page was last edited on 25 september 2019, at 00. It consists of two cratons separated by the limpopo belt. The plots have different eu axis scales, to better show the data distributions.
The objectives of this study is to use data from the international seismological centre isc bulletin starting with the year of botswanas independence, 1966 through to 2012, to determine the magnitude of completeness m c, and to esti. The kaap vaal craton itself is comprised of an eastern domain with. Implications for the birth and growth of its diamondiferous root h. Archean accretion and crustal evolution of the kalahari. There is currently a renewed interest in the early earth, and the kaapvaal craton has long served as a model for early crustal evolution. The profiles cover a total length of 500km and are projected into a common section that strikes northwest to southeast across the central part of the kaapvaal craton, including the colesburg magnetic lineament cml. Geochronological comparisons of large datasets are facilitated by the use of structured databases. The kaapvaal craton in south africa, for example, has yielded suites of xenoliths that include both hightemperature xenoliths preserving equilibration pressures ranging from 55 kbar to 70 kbar 165210 km, and. Eight deepseismic reflection profiles 16 seconds twt. Anhaeusser, john dixon, alfred kroner, lopamudra saha, allan wilson et al.
This time interval witnessed the growth and emergence of the earths first large continents, as well as the first significant rise in atmospheric oxygen, an event known as. Given the established nature of geoscientific knowledge of the kaapvaal craton compared to the slave craton, and given the exciting new interdisciplinary results coming from the kaapvaal project and from. Geochronological and geochemical constraints on the formation. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the evolution of one of the oldest and bestexposed archaean cratons on this planet. This file is licensed under the creative commons attributionshare alike 3. The namaqua belt is the southern margin of the kaapvaal craton. Visualizing the volcanic history of the kaapvaal craton.
Kaapvaal craton geological region, africa britannica. Pdf lithospheric mantle evolution of the kaapvaal craton. The lebombo monocline forms the boundary in the east with the mozambique belt and the zimbabwean craton to the north, separated by the limpopo belt e. However, the xenolith suites from each craton exhibit similar characteristics. This special collection of geophysical research letters synthesizes and summarizes that variability through a phenomenological census. The greater kalahari craton is composed of the archean kaapvaal figure 1a and zimbabwe figure 1b cratons sutured together by the. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. Pdf formation of the archean kaapvaal craton revisited. A reos isotope study of peridotite xenoliths from lesotho kimberlites article pdf available july 2001 with. A the and b zhe dateeu plots for all kaapvaal craton samples, colorcoded by region and distinguished by sample. There is currently a renewed interest in the early earth, and the. Pdf formation of the archean kaapvaal province revisited. The sample is bimineralic with modal proportion of 44 % and 56 % for garnet and clinopyroxene, respectively and shows equilibrated coarsegrained fabric. Crustal evolution of southern africa download ebook pdf.
Mesoarchean assembly and stabilization of the eastern. Supergroup of the kaapvaal craton, southern africa, is one of the bestpreserved and most complete stratigraphic records across a critical in juncture in the earths history. Kaapvaal craton support for a coherent kaapvaal pilbara block vaalbara tobias christoph kampmann kampmann, t. This age range coincides with the namaquanatal belt. Geochronological and geochemical constraints on the. The kalahari craton consists of three major crustal domains, the kaapvaal craton to the south, the zimbabwe craton to the north and the limpopo belt between them. The kaapvaal craton and adjacent orogens, southern. Baltica, australia, and kalahari and kaapvaal cratons. Petrophysical analyses of upper mantle kimberlite nodules. Lithospheric mantle evolution of the kaapvaal craton. Structure of the kaapvaal craton from surface waves structure of the kaapvaal craton from surface waves freybourger, marion. Thus, the gold is detrital and was not deposited by. A tale of two pandas download ebook pdf, epub, tuebl, mobi.
Some examples and a longer description are available in two previous articles in french on this site attached to this article is a geological map of the exposed portion of the kaapvaal craton in northeastern south africa, from barberton to the limopo belt. The reso lution tests indicate that both laterally and vertically the cratonic. Eclogite and garnet pyroxenite xenoliths from kimberlites. Variations in the thickness of the crust of the kaapvaal. Feb 10, 2020 craton plural cratons a part of the earth s crust that has survived the splitting and merging of continents. Click download or read online button to get a tale of two pandas book now.
Jelsma encyclopedia of life support systems eolss the worldwide 1. Recent advances in understanding the geology of diamonds. The antiquity of the supercontinental cycle is a subject of ongoing. Kaapvaal and zimbabwe cratons suggests a lithospheric thickness between 200 and 250 km with a. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in. This age range coincides with the namaquanatal belt orogeny. This allows the spatial extension of the different volcanic stratigraphic units to be interpreted. The average crustal thicknesses determined from pn times for the northern and southern regions of the craton were 50. Swave velocity structure, mantle xenoliths and the upper.
Structure of the kaapvaal craton from surface waves. The timing of the palaeoproterozoic great oxidation event. Papers should have broad and immediate implications meriting rapid decisions and high visibility. The following are the supplementary data to this article. This file is licensed under the creative commons attributionshare alike 4. Electrical lithosphere beneath the kaapvaal craton, southern africa. Unconformity above ventersdorp rocks, basal conglomerates, transition to quartzites, beach and aeolian deposits, transition to carbonates. A reos isotope study of peridotite xenoliths from lesotho kimberlites article pdf available july 2001 with 195 reads how we measure reads. Eclogite xenoliths, together with garnet pyroxenites and some mafic garnet granulites, found in kimberlites located along the southern margin of the kaapvaal craton in southern africa have been analysed by electron microprobe and mass spectrometry techniques to determine their geochemical characteristics. The archean kaapvaal and zimbabwe cratons form the continental nucleus of southern africa. No evidence for a supercontinental affinity prior to 2. In 2006, the fortescue, hamersley, and the pilbara region of western australia is one of only two areas on. Formation and evolution of archaean cratons home geological.
Outside of the witwatersrand basin significant quantities of gold have been recovered from archaean greenstone belts of the 3500 to 2700 ma kaapvaal craton as well as from various occurrences in the 2600 to 2200 ma transvaal supergroup. Upb geochronology and paleomagnetism of the westerberg sill, kaapvaal craton support for a coherent kaapvaal pilbara block vaalbara. There is no evidenceindicating that amaz onian craton was part of the kenorland supercontinent. Geological setting university of the witwatersrand. The kaapvaal craton and adjacent orogens, southern africa. The objectives of this study is to use data from the international seismological centre isc bulletin starting with the year of botswanas independence, 1966 through to 2012, to determine the. Sloss editor, sedimentary covernorth american craton. The gold and rounded pyrites from the conglomerates yield a rheniumosmium isochron age of 3. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license.
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